ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ.Ivan Polzunov Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov was a Russian inventor. He

ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ.Ivan Polzunov Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov was a Russian inventor. He created the first steam engine in Russia and the first two- cylinder engine in the world. Ivan Polzunjv was born in the family of a soldier in the town Turinsk. After graduating in 1742 from Mining School (Горнозаводская школа) in Ekaterinburg he worked as a mechanics apprentice and in 1748 he began to work in Barnaul. In the library of Barnaul he found works of Mikhail Lomonosov, that he studied by himself as well as the descriptions of contemporary steam machines by I.Shlatter. In 1763 he proposed an original 1.8 h.p. steam engine. The design used two cylinders on the same shaft that allowed its operations completely independantle from water power even on dry places or in mountains. The design was a great step forward from contemporary steam machine that used hydropower to return the piston and so could not be used if the hydropower was not available. The project was sent to Empress Catherine II. She awarded him 400 rubles but did not seem to appreciate the new technology. In 1765 Polsunov designed a large 32 h.p. steam machine for air pumps. The director of Barnaul Plants general Porshin agreed to use Polzunovs two-cylinder design as Barnaul steel mills were in a very dry area and in summer they often did not have any hydropower at all. The machine was assembled in the winter and spring of 1766. But Ivan Polzunovs tuberculosis became much worse and he died on May, 1766, at the age of 37, three days before the machine was finished. The machine worked three months, and then was disassembled despite paying off its costs in those three months. A working model of the steam machine made by Ivan Polzunov is in the museum of Barnaul and it still works. A minor planet, 1978SP7 is named in his honor, as well as the crater on the Moon.