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ELECTRIC CURRENT
The electric current is a quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit
per second of time. The unit of measure for current is ampere. If one
coulomb passes a point in a circuit per second then the current
strength is 1 ampere. The symbol for current is I.
The current which flows along wires consists of moving electrons.
The electrons move along the circuit because the electromotive force
drives them. The current is directly proportional to the e.m.f.
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In addition to traveling through solids, however, the electric current
can flow through liquids as well and even through gases. In both cases
it produces some most important effects to meet industrial requirements.
Some liquids, such as melted metals for example, conduct current
without any change to themselves. Others, called electrolytes, are found
to change greatly when the current passes through them.
When the electrons flow in one direction only, the current is known
to be d.c., that is, direct current. The simplest source of power for the
direct current is a battery, for a battery pushes the electrons in the
same direction all the time (i.e., from the negatively charged terminal
to the positively charged terminal).
The letters a.c. stand for alternating current. The current under consideration
flows first in one direction and then in the opposite one.
The a.c. used for power and lighting purposes is assumed to go through
50 cycles in one second. One of the great advantages of a.c. is the ease
with which power at low voltage can be changed into an almost similar
amount of power at high voltage and vice versa. Hence, on the one хэнд
alternating voltage is increased when it is necessary for long-distance
transmission and, on the other hand, one can decrease it to meet industrial
requirements as well as to operate various devices at home.
Although there are numerous cases when d.c. is required, at least
90 per cent of electrical energy to be generated at present is a.c.
In fact, it finds wide application for lighting, heating, industrial, and
some other purposes = 1650.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the electric current?
2. Do melted metals conduct current without any change to themselves?
3. Can alternating voltage be changed to operate various devices at home?
4. Does a battery push the electrons in the same direction?
5. What is the alternating current used for?