Укажите функцию герундия в предложении1. After having done his homework Mark

Укажите функцию герундия в предложении
1. After having done his homework Mark went to the cinema.
2. She thought of going to the country for the weekend.
3. In case of being cold you should take your warm clothes.
4. Travelling is his favourite way of spending leisure time.
5. Dont be afraid of making mistakes; you are just studying.
6. Jane loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows.
7. Mrs. Sparkle looked at her neighbour as though having seen a ghost.
8. You are making noise. Stop talking, please!
9. They danced without saying a word.
10. It was his last chance of saying good bye properly.
a) подлежащее;
b) часть сказуемого;
c) дополнение;
d) определение;
e) событие.