Определите по грамматическим признакам, какую функцию исполняет окончание ed, т.

Обусловьте по грамматическим признакам, какую функцию исполняет окончание ed, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite;
б) показателем Participle II от стандартного глагола в функции опре-деления к существительному;
в) долею сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Per-fect Tense;
г) закоренелым прилагательным.
1. B. Franklin is acknowledged to have invented a means of protecting against the disastrous effects of lightning the lightning rod. 2. After many dif-ficulties he at last managed to enter the university. 3. This design was to be worked out by a highly qualified engineer. 4. The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1788. 5. The loosely organized colonies needed a single mili-tary commander to unify their forces. 6. An organizations information man-agement requirements are determined by some factors: two general factors are the environment and size of the organization, and two specific factors are the area and level of the organization. 7. He was a very talented mathematician.