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Lizards form a squad of scaly and form a suborder of reptiles. Most of these animals are small in size with two pairs of developed limbs. The body is covered with scales.

Distribution and species

Lizards are found throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. They are equally well adapted to life on areas below sea level, and very high in the mountains.

Message about lizards.

Today there are about 4,000 species of lizards, the diversity of which is amazing. There are tiny lizards with a length of only 33 mm and a mass of about a kilogram, but there are also giants up to 3 m in length and weighing from 100 kg. Of the four thousand species, only two are poisonous.

External differences

Lizards can be green, gray, brown or black. Often on the sides and back there is a pattern in the form of transverse or longitudinal strips. Many animals are able to change the brightness or color of the color due to a special skin pigment.

The scales may be small or large and are located either close to each other or overlapped. Scales sometimes appear as spines or ridges. Some lizards under the scales have bony plates that give the cover extra strength. Lizards from time to time molt, getting rid of the outer layer of skin.

The structure of the limbs depends on the way of life and the surface of the area along which they move. In climbing forms, the lower surface of the fingers expands into a small pillow and is covered with bristles, with which the animal clings tightly to the surface and can easily move even vertically upside down.

There are teeth on the lower and upper jaws.

Sense organs

The eyes of these reptiles are developed differently depending on the species. There are individuals with sharp eyesight, and there are visually impaired. Almost all species have a movable lower scaly eyelid. Many lizards from their ancestors retained the so-called third eye on the crown, able to distinguish between light and darkness. Scientists believe that the third eye responds to ultraviolet light and helps animals regulate their exposure to the sun.

In some lizards, you can see a shallow hole in the ear canal. Such animals perceive sound waves with a frequency of 400-1500 Hz. Other reptile species have lost their auditory foramen.

In front of the sky there is an organ with which reptiles can determine the composition of a substance that enters the mouth.

Breeding

Most animals lay eggs, which develop separately from the body of the female, and from which the hatch subsequently hatch. However, some species of reptiles are capable of oviposition. Eggs are not covered by the shell and are not separated from the mother's body, and the hatchlings are born to the light.

Age and life expectancy

Small species live less than a year, large - several years. The number of eggs in the brood varies from 1 to 40.