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Ответ:The study of law distinguishes between public law and private law, but in legal practice in the UK the

distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practising lawyers.

Public law relates to the state.

It is concerned with laws which govern processes in local and national government and conflicts between the

individual and the state in areas such as immigration and social security.

Private law is concerned with the relationships between legal persons, that is, individuals and corporations,

and includes family law, contract law and property law.

Criminal law deals with certain forms of conduct for which the state reserves punishment, for example

murder and theft.

The state prosecutes the offender.

Civil law concerns relationships between private persons, their rights, and their duties.

It is also cocerned with conduct which may give rise to a claim by a legal person for compensation or an

injunction - an order мейд by the court.

However, each field of law tends to overlap with others.

For example, a road accident case may lead to a criminal prosecution as well as a civil action for

compensation.

Substantive law creates, defines or regulates rights, liabilities, and duties in all areas of law and is contrasted

with procedural law, which defines the procedure by which a law is to be enforced.

The constitution

The head of state is the monarch, currently the Queen in the UK, but the government carries the authority of

the Crown (the monarch).

The Westminster Parliament has two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons, which sit

separately and are constituted on different principles.

10.04.2019 Текст: The Legal system in the United Kingdom (UK)

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The Commons is an elected body of members.

Substantial reform is being carried out in the upper house, the House of Lords, where it is proposed that the

majority of members be appointed, with a minority elected, replacing the hereditary peers.

There is no written constitution, but constitutional law consists of statue law, common law, and

constitutional conventions.

Jurisdiction

There are four countries and three district jurisdictions in the UK: England and Wales, Scotland, and

Northern Ireland.

All share a legislature in the Westminster Parliament for the making of new laws and have a common law

tradition, but each has its own hierarchy of courts, legal rules and legal profession.

Wales and Northern Ireland each have their own Assembly and since 1999 Scottish Members of Parliament

(SMPs) have sat in their own Parliament.

Under an Act of the Westminster Parliament, the Scottish Parliament has power to legislate on any subject

not specifically reserved to the Westminster Parliament such as defence or foreign policy.

The UKs accession to the European Communities in 1973, authorized by the European Communities Act

1972, has meant the addition of a further legislative authority in the legal system.

The UK is also a signatory of the European Convention of Humans Rights and this has been incorporated

into UK law.

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