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Vitebsk (Belarus. Vtsebsk) - a city in the northeast of Belarus, the administrative center of Vitebsk region and Vitebsk region. Population - 372 005 people (April 1, 2014) [5]. Area - 124.538 km. The city is located in the eastern part of Vitebsk region on the Western Dvina river. The second oldest city in Belarus after Polotsk. The third most populous (after Minsk and Gomel) city in the country. The town was founded on the picturesque high banks of the Western Dvina and Vitba, which gave it a name, on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks." According to legend it was founded by Saint Princess Olga. The city was formed as one of the centers of association Slavs Krivichy and convenient geographical position at the crossroads of important trade routes contributed to its growth and prosperity over the next centuries.
History Vitebsk covers more than a millennium. With the death of Vseslav of Polotsk in 1101 and the division of its possessions in the seven sons was formed of an independent principality with its capital in Vitebsk. Vitebsk got Svyatoslav, who became the first Prince of Vitebsk. After Polotsk ravaged Mstislav the Great, Svyatoslav was sent to Byzantium, and Vitebsk table departed to his son cornflowers. Taking advantage of the situation, he took also Polotsk Polotsk Duke and stayed until 1144. In 1139 in Polotsk returned exiled princes, and Vitebsk Vasilkovich began to fight for Polotsk with Minsk Glebovich and Drutsk Rogvolodovichami. In this struggle, Vitebsk princes longest managed to hold for a Polack: in the XIII century. Polotsk Knyazhye 4 representatives of Vitebsk. In 1165-1167 due to the feudal strife Principality of Vitebsk gradually began to lose value, and fell under the rule of Smolensk princes. However, this submission was short-lived, and Vitebsk again gained independence. At the end of XII - the first half of the XIII century. Vitebsk land fell into the sphere of influence of the Lithuanian princes, and in the middle of the XIII century. - Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is not known who was the successor of a strong prince Brjachislav Vasilkovich when he became the prince of Polotsk in 1232. When Bryachislav died in Polotsk became the ruler of the Lithuanian prince Tovtivil and in Vitebsk - his son Constantine. Although then again returned to Vitebsk former rulers, dynastic ties with the Grand Duke of Lithuania became permanent. The final specific Vitebsk Prince Jaroslav Vasilkovich. Jaroslav Vasilkovich died in 1320 without male heirs, then Principality of Vitebsk, losing independence, was included in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1508 was founded the Vitebsk province. In 1566, in the course of administrative reform province was divided into 2 povet - Vitebsk and Orsha. In 1582, attached to the voivodship Velizh parish. As a result of the first partition of Poland in 1772 Silesia passed to Russia, only a small part of Orsha powiat remained within the Commonwealth to the second section in 1793. Formally, the province continued to exist, as part of Orsha gentry going on in the town Sejmiks Holopenichi Minsk province. The most important native Vitebsk region were Sapieha, who owned large plots of land in the province.

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