Переведите предложения, укажите какую функцию исполняет слово на ing: а) определение,

Переведите предложения, укажите какую функцию исполняет слово на ing: а) определение, б) событие, в) часть сказуемого, г) прибавленье.
1. Britain is also changing ethnically.

2. From 1849 communities could make bylaws requiring both employers and employees to contribute to relief funds.

3. A student loan also differs in many countries in the strict laws regulating renegotiating and bankruptcy.

4. The legal liability approach is still used in many developing countries for the general provision of medical care.

5. The major innovations in social insurance after World War II were the protection of pensions by linking them to the inflation rate.