переведите пожалуйста текст правильноEvery human being begins life as a single
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Every human being begins life as a single cell, a fertilized egg, by the time reachers adulthood, the body consists of 100 trillion cells. The cell is a fundamental component ol all living thing. As cells deteriorate , people age. As cells malfunction, people get sick. If cells were better understood, people might live longer and stay healthier. And thanks to a recent series of extraordinary breakthroughs, scientists arc beginning to leam more about them. One of the molecular biologists says that we are on the verge of a revolution in the understanding of cells.
Scientists discovered three centuries ago that living things contain cells, but only in the last three decades have they begun to piece together the puzzle of how cells operate . They know a few fundamental things: every single adult cell (except ova and sperm) contains the same set genes as the original cell. Still cells come in all shapes, sizes and functions: slim nerve cells more than 3 feet long and about 1 forty-thousandth of an inch wide: transmit impulses between the limbs and the brain: red blood cells 3 ten-thousandth of an inch in a diameter cany life - giving oxygen around the body. But researchers remain baffled by arcane chemical mechanism that enables particular genes in different cells to switch themselves on and off perform differently in varying circumstances .
Each of those trillion cells functions like a walled city. Power plants generate the cell's energy. Factories produce proteins, vital units of chemical commerce . Complex transportation systems guide specific chemicals from point to point within the cell and beyond. Sentries at the barricades control the export and import markets, and monitor the outside world for signs of danger. Disciplined biolojgical armies stand ready to grapple with invaders. A centralized genetic government maintains order.
Toxic garbane. Cells occasionally go wrong. Recycling systems can break down, overloading the cells with their own toxic garbage the result is the fatal Tay-Sachs disease, or some similarly horrendous genetic ailment. Confused by erroneous information, internal factories can add many chemicals to an already abundant supple that they eventually flood the whole body: the resulting accumulations of cholesterol lead directly to cardiovascular disease. A breardown in communications between the nuclei of cells and their outer borders can produce the unrestricted growth that causes cancer. Even if they operate smoothly, normal cells eventual succumb to old age -the process of biological decay that alters the cells and kills organism of which they for the basic units.
Biologists think they eventually can treat many of defects by turning the intricate machinery in each cell to the patient's advantage. For instance . chemicals find their way to appropriate places in the cells through what scientists call *zip:' code". To overcome genetic diseases that leave cells bereft of vital chemicals , biologists might manufacture the chemicals in a test tube, attach the proper chemical address to them, and inject them into the dody- knowing that they will end up where they will do the most good. Similarly, to treat certain forms of cancer, scientists are learning to manufacture digestive sacs within the cells known as lysosomes . A cell ordinarily will reject many poisons . But if a drug-intended to poison a cancerous cell-is disguised with food, it might be accepted by the cell and released by the lysosomes .
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