ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ! ПЛИЗText 1. FUNCTIONAL UNITSOF DIGITAL COMPUTERSAs we know, all

ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ! ПЛИЗ


Text 1. FUNCTIONAL UNITS

OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

As we know, all computer operations can be grouped into five

functional categories. The method in which these five functional

categories are related to one another represents the functional

organization of a digital computer. By studying the functional

organization, a broad view of the computer is received.

The five major functional units of a digital computer are:

1) Input to insert outside information into the machine;

2) Storage or memory to store information and make it avail

able at the appropriate time; 3) Arithmetic-logical unit to

perform the calculations; 4) Output to remove data from the

machine to the outside world and 5) Control unit to cause

all parts of a computer to act as a team.

Figure 5 shows how the five functional units of the computer act together. A complete set of instructions and data are usually fed through the input equipment to the memory where they

are stored. Each instruction is then fed to the control unit. The

control unit interprets the instructions and issues commands to

the other functional units to cause operations to be performed

on the data. Arithmetic operations are performed in the arithmetic-logical unit, and the results are then fed back to the mem-огу. Information may be fed from either the arithmetic unit or

the memory through the output equipment to the outside world.

The five units of the computer must communicate with each

other. They can do this by means of a machine language which

uses a code composed of combinations of electric pulses. These

pulse combinations are usually represented by zeros and ones,

where the one may be a pulse and the zero a no-pulse. Numbers are communicated between one unit and another by means

of these one-zero or pulse no-pulse combinations. The input has the additional job of converting the information fed in

by the operator into machine language. In other words, it transaltes from our language into the pulse no-pulse combinations

understandable to the computer. The output's additional job is

converting the pulse no-pulse combinations into a form understandable to us, such as a printed report

Сергей Марецкий 2019-09-24 16:11:50

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