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Russia - the largest country in the world, its area covers the eastern part of Europe and northern Asia, accounting for 11.46% of the Earth. Russia washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans: the Arctic-on the north, the Atlantic - to the west and the Pacific - in the east. On the territory of the country - more than a thousand rivers and about 2 million lakes, including the Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world, Lake Baikal, the deepest lake with the purest water in the world.

 

Being on the border with 18 countries (Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Japan and the US), while having the world's longest-longest border is about 60,000 km (over 37,000 miles) Russia has a population of 142,905,200 people in (according to 2010).

 

The Russian Federation consists of 83 subjects, among them - 2 federal cities - Moscow, capital of Russia with a population of over 11 million inhabitants, and St. Petersburg, the second largest city of Russia, also known as the "northern capital" with a population of about 5 million.. residents. Among other Russian cities emit 10 largest with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants, such as Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, itself, Omsk, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa and Volgograd.

 

 About 80% of the population - ethnic Russian, the other 20% there are more than 150 nationalities living in Russia. With regard to the religious communities, the majority of Russians adhere to the Orthodox faith, moreover, live in the country, Muslims, Catholics, Jews and Buddhists.

 

The climate of Russia varies from the subtropical Black Sea coast to the continental southern Siberia, from the Arctic in the far north to the sea on the coast of the Baltic Sea and the monsoon in the Far East. Weather in Russia known for its differences from the harsh heat up the harsh cold weather. North-Eastern Siberia - the coldest region in Russia. The average winter temperature is -50 F (-46 C). Summer temperatures washes up to 100 F (38 C). In no other country in the world there are no such changes in temperature. At that time, both on the Black Sea begins the bathing season, in Eastern Siberia can go snow. However, the most populous Russian territory lies in the temperate climate zone. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the cities of the "Golden Ring" and the Volga region in the summer, the weather is dry and hot, and snowy winter is relatively mild. These weather conditions make it possible to involve in the European part of Russia more tourists from around the world.

 

The most popular and convenient means of transport throughout the territory of the country - the railway and air transport, so throughout the year, most Russians prefer to travel by train or plane. Traveling by train from Moscow to St. Petersburg takes 5-7 hours on the plane - just over an hour, while the flight time between Moscow and Kamchatka is 10 hours. In Moscow and other large Russian cities there are several types of public transport: metro, buses, trolleybuses, trams and shuttle and regular taxis. Metro - the most popular form of transport in Moscow, some stations are works of art, therefore, worthy of special attention of tourists.

 

Russia covers a vast territory that stretches from west to east about 9,000 km (about 6,000 miles), the country is divided into 11 time zones. The westernmost part of Russia is in a time zone two hours GMT in Kaliningrad and the most eastern part of Russia along the meridian 12 hours on the peninsula of Kamchatka and Chukotka. So when the European part of Russian residents enjoy the sunset, in the Far East is just beginning day.

 

Russia - a democratic federal state with the republican form of government, head of state is the President, elected by the citizens of Russia every 6 years. Currently, the President of Russia - Vladimir Putin, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the State. Head of Government is the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.

 

History and culture of Russia have origins from the ancient times of Kievan Rus, when Russian Empire became a famous and prosperous in the future for over 300 years.

Ancient temples and monasteries still retained its former appearance in many Russian cities and towns, leaving a significant legacy of Russian culture, art and literature. Many world-famous writers, artists, athletes, scientists, born in Russia, brought a huge success and made an undeniable contribution to the development of national cultural heritage, which is so proud of the country.

The Crimean peninsula was part of Russia until 19 February 1954 until the Crimean region was not transferred from the RSFSR to the USSR by a decree N.S.Hruschёva. Most of the peninsula is occupied entering a de facto part of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The northern part of Arabat Spit is part of the Kherson region (Ukraine).